Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer rates have increased significantly over the last 3 years, especially among individuals ages 40-50. In 2019, 20% of new colorectal cancer cases were in patients under 55, compared to just 11% in 1995.
Dan Ruiz, M.D., specializes in the medical and surgical treatment of conditions affecting the lower digestive tract, including the colon, rectum, and anus, and provides a deeper insight into Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month.
1. What should Gen Z’ers and Millennials know about colorectal cancer?
Colorectal cancer rates have increased significantly over the last 30 years, especially among individuals aged 40-50. In 2019, 20% of new colorectal cancer cases were in patients under 55, compared to just 11% in 1995. It is important to have regular screenings and surveillance. Colonoscopies are the gold standard for detecting and preventing colon cancer. Starting these screenings earlier, especially for those with a family history or genetic predisposition, can help identify precancerous polyps and prevent the development of the disease.
Dr. Dan Ruiz, M.D
2. Is Colorectal cancer one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the U.S.?
In the United States, colorectal cancer is the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men and the fourth leading cause in women, but it’s the second most common cause of cancer deaths when numbers for men and women are combined. It’s expected to cause about 52,900 deaths during 2025.
3. How can we improve colorectal cancer outcomes in the years to come?
Starting screenings earlier is crucial. Current guidelines recommend that people at average risk begin colorectal cancer screenings at age 45, down from the previous benchmark of 50. Education about lifestyle factors, such as maintaining an active lifestyle, avoiding obesity, and reducing the consumption of processed meats, can also help reduce risks.
4. What role does diet and lifestyle play in colorectal cancer risk?
Risk factors for increased colorectal cancer incidence includes a diet high in red and processed meat, alcohol, and tobacco. Protective lifestyle factors against colorectal cancer incidence includes high levels of physical activity, healthy diets rich in fruits and vegetables, fish, dietary fiber, dairy, and all essential vitamins and minerals.
5. What are the top signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer that younger populations should know?
While symptoms often indicate advanced cancer, early signs to watch for include:
- Rectal bleeding.
- Abdominal pain or bloating.
- Nausea or decreased appetite.
- Changes in bowel habits, such as increased frequency or difficulty passing stools.
Screening before symptoms appear is ideal, as early detection significantly improves outcomes.
6. What screening options are available, and how are they evolving?
Colonoscopy remains the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening. For individuals who cannot undergo a colonoscopy, a virtual colonoscopy—a CT scan with contrast focused on the colon—is an effective alternative. Additionally, simple stool tests for occult blood can serve as an initial screening step.
7. What is the latest research on colorectal cancer treatments?
At Baptist Health, several cutting-edge clinical trials are underway. Using targeted therapies against genetic mutations that may drive tumor growth is another key area of research for metastatic colorectal cancer. These innovations aim to tailor treatments and improve survival rates for patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
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