By Jonathan Amos From BBC New

London-based start-up OneWeb is set to launch the first six satellites in its multi-billion-pound project to take the internet to every corner of the globe.

The plans could eventually see some 2,000 spacecraft orbiting overhead.

Other companies are also promising so-called mega-constellations, but OneWeb believes it has first-mover advantage with an operational system.

Wednesday’s launch on a Soyuz rocket from French Guiana is timed for 18:37 local time (21:37 GMT).

Controllers at OneWeb’s HQ in the UK capital will be waiting to pick up signals from the spacecraft when they come off the top of the Russian vehicle.

The platforms’ most important task is to secure the frequencies needed to relay the coming network’s internet connections.

Assuming these pathfinders perform as expected, OneWeb will then begin the mass rollout of the rest of the constellation towards the end of the year.

This will see Soyuz rockets launching every month, lofting up to 36 satellites at a time.

To provide global internet coverage, there will need to be 648 units in orbit.

“We have a tonne of spectrum and we have it everywhere on Planet Earth,” explained OneWeb CEO Adrian Steckel.

“We’re going to connect lots of people who’re not currently connected. We’re going to start by focussing on connecting schools, connecting boats, connecting planes, and connecting huge swathes of the planet that don’t make sense for fibre,” he told BBC News.

Who’s backing OneWeb?

The company was started by American telecoms entrepreneur Greg Wyler.

He’d previously founded another constellation called O3b, which stands for “other three billion” – a reference to that half of the planet without connectivity.

O3b operates a fleet of 16 satellites moving around the equator at an altitude of 8,000km.

OneWeb is Wyler’s even grander vision – a much denser network that flies just 1,200km above the ground.

The satellites’ nearness, their high throughput – over one terabit per second across the constellation – and global coverage promises to transform internet provision for those who are currently underserved, or simply un-served.

At least that’s the view shared by OneWeb’s partners, who include companies such as chip-maker Qualcomm, Sir Richard Branson’s Virgin Group, drinks giant Coca-Cola, satellite communications specialist Hughes, and tech financier SoftBank.

How big an undertaking is this?

Massive. Satellite technology is much, much less expensive than it used to be, and the large number of satellites needed for the network reduces the unit cost.

Even so, the spacecraft being turned out by OneWeb partner Airbus have a price of about one million dollars.

When you add in all the ground infrastructure needed to operate the system, the overall expense runs to more than three billion.

Some past satellite ventures that sought to build big constellations went belly up. Satphone companies like Iridium and Globalstar only exist today because bankruptcy proceedings relieved them of their debt.

Several other groups have registered their interest in competing with OneWeb, including Elon Musk’s SpaceX company. Musk’s engineers even have a couple satellites in orbit now to demonstrate technologies.

Commentators seem sure of only one thing: the market will not support all of the proposed mega-constellations.

What’s the UK angle here?

OneWeb has based itself in west London. They’re actually using offices vacated by the BBC. The company has about 70 staff now and expects to raise this to roughly 200.

The HQ has a satellite control room, although this function is replicated in the US as well.

Successive UK governments have tried to foster a business and regulatory environment that encourages space businesses to make Britain their home base – and they’ve succeeded, believes Mr Steckel.

“We think that the UK Space Agency (UKSA) has done a fantastic job, looking at what OneWeb could be as a disruptor in the satellite industry and in terms of expanding the use cases (for our services),” he told BBC News.

“And they’ve been working with us, hand in hand, in terms of going through the regulatory process. And they’ve been a great proponent.”

The UKSA spends significant sums on satellite telecoms R&D. It does this through its membership of the European Space Agency.

Esa develops new technologies that will hopefully keep European companies globally competitive. And the UKSA has just put £18m into a programme that should benefit OneWeb‘s later generation of spacecraft, in particular in the way they interact and work alongside the terrestrial 5G mobile networks that are now being instigated.

Isn’t space already too crowded for this?

This is a hot topic. There is something like 2,000 working satellites in orbit now, flying at various altitudes; and a slightly larger number of legacy spacecraft that have ceased operations.

If several mega-constellations are launched, it will significantly increase the orbiting population – and that has experts worried about the potential for collisions.

A recent study – sponsored by the European Space Agency and supported by Airbus – found that the new networks would need to de-orbit their old, redundant spacecraft within five years or run the risk of seriously escalating the probability of objects hitting each other.

OneWeb says it has taken this message fully onboard. Indeed, the UKSA, as the licensing body, has worked closely with the company to make sure its old hardware will come out of the sky very quickly.

“All successful applicants for Outer Space Act licenses must demonstrate compliance with established best practice in terms of safe and sustainable operations,” a spokesperson said.

“This includes reliable end-of-life disposal of satellites, for example, by de-orbiting to minimise the potential for collisions and the creation of space debris.”

For more on this story and audio go to: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47374246