US attorney general William Barr has allowed federal prosecutors to probe alleged irregularities in the presidential election, prompting a top justice department official to quit.

The official, Richard Pilger, would have overseen such investigations.

Any such cases would normally be the remit of individual states, but Mr Barr said this was not a hard and fast rule. 

Donald Trump refuses to accept Joe Biden’s projected victory, and has made unsubstantiated fraud claims.

The president’s campaign is seeking an emergency injunction in Pennsylvania to prevent Mr Biden’s victory being certified in the state.

The president-elect’s projected win there on Saturday took him over the threshold of 270 electoral college votes needed to secure victory nationwide.

What is Mr Barr saying?

The attorney general wrote that inquiries could be made by federal prosecutors “if there are clear and apparently-credible allegations of irregularities that, if true, could potentially impact the outcome of a federal election in an individual State”.

Mr Barr said prosecutors should only look into “substantial allegations” of irregularities.

He acknowledged that individual states had the primary responsibility for the conduct of elections but said the justice department had “an obligation to ensure that federal elections are conducted in such a way that the American people can have full confidence in their electoral process and their government”.

The department would normally only go beyond preliminary investigations after an election had been concluded and the results certified, but Mr Barr said this could result in situations where “misconduct cannot realistically be rectified”.

Mr Pilger said he had quit in response to Mr Barr’s memo.

“Having familiarised myself with the new policy and its ramifications… I must regretfully resign from my role,” he wrote in an email to colleagues.

Mr Pilger became head of the department’s Election Crimes Branch in 2010. This branch, and Mr Pilger himself, were previously in the public eye at the time of a row about extra scrutiny of political groups seeking tax exemption.

He was reported to have had discussions about the issue with Lois Lerner, the tax official at the centre of the row.

Trump base gets boost

Bill Barr’s memorandum authorising federal election fraud investigations is yet another example of the attorney general’s skill at pleasing his boss, the president, while dancing on the edge of propriety within the justice department he runs. 

The document gives Donald Trump what he wants – proof that the government is looking into unproven claims of widespread electoral illegalities in several states he lost by tens of thousands of votes. The attorney general, however, couches the memo with conditions and cautions that prosecutors only focus on specific “irregularities” and avoid pursuing “specious, speculative, fanciful or far-fetched claims”.

Despite all the caveats, Mr Barr’s memo will provide fodder to Trump and his supporters, who insist that the election was stolen from them (never mind that other Republican candidates had fairly successful results). 

As the protest resignation of the head of the justice department’s election crimes department indicates, this is the equivalent of pulling the pin from a political hand grenade. It may not go off immediately, but the device is one step closer to exploding – thrown on purpose or accidentally dropped.

There are safeguards in place to prevent political meddling in criminal investigations, particularly around elections. Some of those safeguards have now been removed.

What are Biden and Trump doing?

Since media projected on Saturday that Mr Biden had won the critical state of Pennsylvania, accumulating enough votes to claim the White House, the president-elect has forged ahead with his plans to take the reins of power.

Mr Trump took to Twitter again on Monday to dispute the outcome, making unsubstantiated claims of “unthinkable and illegal” activity in the vote.

The General Services Administration (GSA), which manages federal agencies, has held off on allowing Biden aides to formally begin the transition, saying no “ascertainment” on an election winner had yet been made.

The GSA is tasked with formally recognising the president-elect, and providing the funds and access to federal agencies that Mr Biden’s transition team needs.

In previous elections it has mostly acted promptly after the winner was declared, with the exception of the disputed election in 2000 when it waited until a Supreme Court ruling decided the result on 14 December.

CBS News, the BBC’s US partner, says the Biden team is considering its legal options if the Trump administration continues to stall the handover.

White House reporters have been saying that despite his objections, Mr Trump is expected to leave office begrudgingly in January and is already talking about running for the White House again in 2024.

What is the Trump campaign alleging?

Mr Trump’s spokeswoman vowed the legal battle to contest Mr Biden’s victory was only just beginning.

“This election is not over,” White House press secretary Kayleigh McEnany told a news conference on Monday. “Far from it.”

Ms McEnany and Republican National Committee (RNC) chairwoman Ronna McDaniel cited allegations of electoral corruption, while urging reporters to help investigate the unverified claims.

Conservative channel Fox News cut away from the event, citing the lack of evidence.

“Whoa, whoa, whoa,” said presenter Neil Cavuto. “Unless she [Ms McEnany] has more details to back that up, I can’t in good countenance continue to show you this.”

Ms McEnany told reporters: “We have only begun the process of obtaining an accurate, honest vote count.”

She said Republican poll watchers had not been granted adequate access to vote counts in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

According to the Philadelphia Inquirer, both Republican and Democratic election monitors were kept from 13ft to 100ft (4m to 30m) away from tables where votes were being tallied in the city, and local election officials cited coronavirus prevention needs for the distancing. 

Ms McEnany also said election officials in that key state had allowed a disproportionate number of Democrats to correct, or “cure”, inaccurately filled-out ballots.

According to the Inquirer, some Pennsylvania counties allowed voters to amend such mistakes, while others did not.

Ms McDaniel said they had collected 131 affidavits, or signed legal statements under oath, in Michigan as part of their investigation into alleged election irregularities.

“If the shoe were on the other foot,” she said, “if it were this close the other way, if President Trump was in the lead in all these states… the media would be screaming, ‘This isn’t over’.”

What about counts in the other states?

Results in last Tuesday’s presidential election from the states of Georgia, Arizona, North Carolina and Alaska are still outstanding.

In Georgia, where the tally is continuing and Mr Biden leads, its secretary of state hit back on Monday at fellow Republicans who had criticised his handling of the election.

Brad Raffensperger, whose office oversees Georgia’s election, said: “Was there illegal voting? I am sure there was. And my office is investigating all of it. 

“Does it rise to the numbers or margin necessary to change the outcome to where President Trump is, given Georgia’s electoral votes? That is unlikely.”

Separately, the Trump campaign filed a lawsuit on Monday in a Pennsylvania federal court, seeking an emergency injunction to stop state officials from certifying Mr Biden’s victory in the state. The state’s attorney general, Josh Shapiro, called the lawsuit “meritless”.

Prosecutors in Republican-controlled states meanwhile threw their weight behind the president’s challenge to the election results.

Ten state attorneys general filed a so-called amicus brief at the US Supreme Court backing the Trump campaign’s case in Pennsylvania.

States must resolve recounts and court contests over the results by 8 December. The outcome will be finalised when members of the US Electoral College meet on 14 December.

How are top Republicans reacting?

Senior members of the president’s party have largely refused to pressure Mr Trump to concede.

On Monday Senate leader Mitch McConnell criticised Democrats over the matter.

“Let’s not have any lectures, no lectures,” the Kentucky senator said on the floor of the upper chamber, “about how the president should immediately, cheerfully accept preliminary election results from the same characters who just spent four years refusing to accept the validity of the last election and who insinuated that this one would be illegitimate too if they lost again – only if they lost.”

He added: “The president has every right to look into allegations and to request recounts under the law and notably the constitution gives no role in this process to wealthy media corporations.”

The next steps

• 8 December: All recounts and certification of results to be completed by states
• 14 December: Electoral college members meet in state capitals to formally cast their ballots for president and vice president
• 6 January: Joint session of House of Representatives and Senate to count electoral votes
• 20 January: New president sworn in

For more on this story and video go to: BBC