By Caribbean Business Online Staff and wire services

Puerto Rico is “exceptionally vulnerable” to a range of impacts including sea level rise, more powerful hurricanes and decreased water availability, according to a new federal scientific report that emphasizes how global warming and its all-too-wild weather are changing daily lives across the U.S.

Global warming is rapidly turning America the beautiful into America the stormy, sneezy and dangerous, the National Climate Assessment concluded Tuesday. And those shining seas? Rising and costly, the report says.

Climate change’s assorted harms “are expected to become increasingly disruptive across the nation throughout this century and beyond,” the National Climate Assessment concluded Tuesday. The report emphasizes how warming and its all-too-wild weather are changing daily lives, even using the phrase “climate disruption” as another way of saying global warming.

Still, it’s not too late to prevent the worst of climate change, says the 840-page report, which the White House is highlighting as it tries to jump-start often-stalled efforts to curb heat-trapping gases.

White House science adviser John Holdren called the report, the third edition of a congressionally mandated study, “the loudest and clearest alarm bell to date signaling the need to take urgent action.” Later this summer, the Obama administration plans to propose new and controversial regulations restricting gases that come from existing coal-fired power plants.

The report found that the Southeast and Caribbean region is “exceptionally vulnerable” to sea level rise, extreme heat events, hurricanes, and decreased water availability. The geographic distribution of these impacts and vulnerabilities is uneven, since the region encompasses a wide range of natural system types, from the Appalachian Mountains to the coastal plains.

It is also home to more than 80 million people1 and draws millions of visitors every year. In 2009, Puerto Rico hosted 3.5 million tourists who spent $3.5 billion. In 2012, Louisiana and Florida alone hosted more than 115 million visitors.

The report was the result of a three-year project involving 300 experts and top administration officials, including President Obama’s science and technology adviser and the head of the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. The report was called for in Obama’s climate action plan that was launched last year. White House officials are set to discuss the report Tuesday afternoon.

The federal report noted that Puerto Rico has one of the highest population densities in the world, with 56 percent of the population living in coastal municipalities.

And residents can expect a significant increase in the number of hot days – defined as 95 degrees or above. The report predicts Puerto Rico’s average temperature will rise between 2°F and 5°F by 2100.

As a result of current sea level rise, the coastline of Puerto Rico around Rincón, a tourism hotspot in the island’s northwest region, is being eroded at a rate of 3.3 feet per year, according to the report.

Droughts are one of the most frequent climate hazards in the Caribbean, resulting in economic losses, according to the report, which noted that in northwestern Puerto Rico, water was rationed for more than 200,000 people during the winter and spring of 1997-1998 because of low reservoir levels.

Water supply and demand in the Southeast and Caribbean are influenced by many changing factors, including climate (for example, temperature increases that contribute to increased transpiration from plants and evaporation from soils and water bodies), population, and land use. While change in projected precipitation for this region has high uncertainty, there is still a reasonable expectation that there will be reduced water availability due to the increased evaporative losses resulting from rising temperatures alone, the report found.

Some fossil energy groups, conservative think tanks and Republican senators immediately assailed the report as “alarmist.” Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky said President Barack Obama was likely to “use the platform to renew his call for a national energy tax. And I’m sure he’ll get loud cheers from liberal elites — from the kind of people who leave a giant carbon footprint and then lecture everybody else about low-flow toilets.”

Republican Sen. David Vitter of Louisiana said the report was supposed to be scientific but “it’s more of a political one used to justify government overreach.”

The report — which is full of figures, charts and other research-generated graphics — includes 3,096 footnotes to other mostly peer-reviewed research. It was written by more than 250 scientists and government officials, starting in 2012. A draft was released in January 2013, but this version has been reviewed by more scientists, including twice by the National Academy of Science which called it “reasonable,” and has had public comment. It is written in a bit more simple language so people can realize “that there’s a new source of risk in their lives,” said lead author Gary Yohe of Wesleyan University in Connecticut.

Environmental groups praised the report. “If we don’t slam the brakes on the carbon pollution driving climate change, we’re dooming ourselves and our children to more intense heat waves, destructive floods and storms and surging sea levels,” said Frances Beinecke, president of the Natural Resources Defense Council.

Scientists and the White House called it the most detailed and U.S.-focused scientific report on global warming.

“Climate change, once considered an issue for a distant future, has moved firmly into the present,” the report says. “Corn producers in Iowa, oyster growers in Washington state and maple syrup producers in Vermont are all observing climate-related changes that are outside of recent experience.”

The report looks at regional and state-level effects of global warming, compared with recent reports from the United Nations that lumped all of North America together.

“All Americans will find things that matter to them in this report,” said scientist Jerry Melillo of the Marine Biological Laboratory, who chaired the science committee that wrote the report. “For decades we’ve been collecting the dots about climate change, now we’re connecting those dots.”

In a White House conference call with reporters, National Climatic Data Center Director Tom Karl said his two biggest concerns were flooding from sea level rise on the U.S. coastlines — especially for the low-lying cities of Miami, Norfolk, Virginia, and Portsmouth, New Hampshire — and drought, heat waves and prolonged fire seasons in the Southwest.

Even though the nation’s average temperature has risen by as much as 1.9 degrees since record keeping began in 1895, it’s in the big, wild weather where the average person feels climate change the most, said co-author Katharine Hayhoe, a Texas Tech University climate scientist. Extreme weather like droughts, storms and heat waves hit us in the pocketbooks and can be seen by our own eyes, she said.

The report says the intensity, frequency and duration of the strongest Atlantic hurricanes have increased since the early 1980s, but it is still uncertain how much of that is from man-made warming. Winter storms have increased in frequency and intensity and have shifted northward since the 1950s, it says. Also, heavy downpours are increasing — by 71 percent in the Northeast. Heat waves, such as those in Texas in 2011 and the Midwest in 2012, are projected to intensify nationwide. Droughts in the Southwest are expected to get stronger. Sea level has risen 8 inches since 1880 and is projected to rise between 1 foot and 4 feet by 2100.

Climate data center chief Karl highlighted the increase in downpours, which are jumping by 30 percent to 60 percent elsewhere in the country besides the Northeast. He said last week’s drenching, when Pensacola, Florida, got up to two feet of rain in one storm and parts of the East had three inches in one day, is what he’s talking about.

“The projections for these kinds of changes are to continue as the globe continues to warm and the atmosphere is able to hold more water vapor,” Karl said.

Since January 2010, 43 of the lower 48 states have set at least one monthly record for heat, such as California having its warmest January on record this year. In the past 51 months, states have set 80 monthly records for heat, 33 records for being too wet, 12 for lack of rain and just three for cold, according to an Associated Press analysis of federal weather records.

The report also says “climate change threatens human health and well-being in many ways.” Those include smoke-filled air from wildfires, smoggy air from pollution, and more diseases from tainted food, water, mosquitoes and ticks. And ragweed pollen season has lengthened.

Flooding alone may cost $325 billion by the year 2100 in one of the worst-case scenarios, with $130 billion of that in Florida, the report says. Already the droughts and heat waves of 2011 and 2012 added about $10 billion to farm costs, the report says.

The Associated Press contributed to this report.

For more on this story go to: http://www.caribbeanbusinesspr.com/news/federal-report-warming-disrupts-us-lives-pr-exceptionally-vulnerable-96590.html

Related story:

Climate change study finds N.O., Louisiana vulnerable to ‘sea level rise’

From WWLTV Eyewitness News

WASHINGTON — A federal study on climate change found that Louisiana, along with the Southeast and Caribbean “is exceptionally vulnerable to sea level rise, extreme heat events, hurricanes, and decreased water availability.”

New Orleans is one of the cities cited in the study as being particularly vulnerable to sea level rise. Miami, Greater New York, Tampa-St. Petersburg and Virginia Beach were the other port cities named as being vulnerable to sea level rise.

“Nationally, ‘more than 5,790 square miles and more than $1 trillion of property and structures are at risk of inundation from sea level rise of two feet above current sea level – an elevation which could be reached by 2050 under a high rate of sea level rise of approximately 6.6 feet by 2100, 20 years later assuming a lower rate of rise (4 feet by 2100), and sooner in areas of rapid land subsidence,'” the study found.

Released by the Obama administration, the findings are part of the National Climate Assessment, a third installment of scientific assessment of climate change and its impact.

“New Orleans, with roughly half of its population living below sea level, is especially at risk. Louisiana State Highway 1, heavily used for delivering critical oil and gas resources from Port Fourchon, is literally sinking, resulting in more frequent and more severe flooding during high tides and storms. The Department of Homeland Security estimated that a 90-day shutdown of this road would cost the nation $7.8 billion,” the assessment found.

Friends, family, and the local cab industry are saying goodbye to a cab driver who was killed on the West Bank last week.

Louisiana Sen. David Vitter told the Associated Press the report was supposed to be scientific but was “more of a political one used to justify government overreach.”

Another impact of sea level rise to Louisiana is to the wetlands, a vital buffer for hurricanes in the region.

“The pace of sea level rise will increasingly lead to inundation of coastal wetlands in the region. Such a crisis in land loss has occurred in coastal Louisiana for several decades, with 1,880 square miles having been lost since the 1930s as a result of natural and man-made factors. With tidal wetland loss, protection of coastal lands and people against storm surge will be compromised.”

For more on this story go to: http://www.wwltv.com/news/Climate-change-study-finds-Louisiana-vulnerable-to-sea-level-rise-258113551.html